Mac环境下Hadoop的安装与配置

今天，由于云计算实验需要，同时对云计算也有很大兴趣，就在自己的Mac上安装了Hadoop。

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首先

我来简短介绍一下Hadoop：

Hadoop是一个由Apache基金会所开发的分布式系统基础架构。
用户可以在不了解分布式底层细节的情况下，开发分布式程序。充分利用集群的威力进行高速运算和存储。
Hadoop实现了一个分布式文件系统（Hadoop Distributed File System），简称HDFS。HDFS有高容错性的特点，并且设计用来部署在低廉的（low-cost）硬件上；而且它提供高吞吐量（high throughput）来访问应用程序的数据，适合那些有着超大数据集（large data set）的应用程序。HDFS放宽了（relax）POSIX的要求，可以以流的形式访问（streaming access）文件系统中的数据。
Hadoop的框架最核心的设计就是：HDFS和MapReduce。HDFS为海量的数据提供了存储，则MapReduce为海量的数据提供了计算。

好的，了解了Hadoop，接下来，就直接进入正题

1. 安装环境

这是我Mac的系统版本：

macOS Sierra 
版本10.12.3

2.安装jdk

之后会运行jar包，所以肯定需要java环境
打开terminal：
敲入命令

java -version

我的终端提示如下

java version "1.8.0_101"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_101-b13)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.101-b13, mixed mode)

说明我的电脑中已经装好了jdk，如果提示没装，请自行谷歌下载安装，此文不再一一叙述。

3. Mac OS X ssh设置

Mac下自带ssh，所以不需要安装ssh了。可以通过如下命令验证

➜  hadoop-1.2.1 which ssh
/usr/bin/ssh
➜  hadoop-1.2.1 which sshd
/usr/sbin/sshd
➜  hadoop-1.2.1 which ssh-keygen
/usr/bin/ssh-keygen
➜  hadoop-1.2.1

输入命令ssh localhost，可能遇到如下问题

ssh: connect to host localhost port 22: Connection refused

原因是没打开远程登录，进入系统设置->共享->远程登录打开就好，这时你再ssh localhost一下

➜  hadoop-1.2.1 ssh localhost
Password:
Last login: Tue Apr 18 09:45:33 2017 from ::1

期间你要输入你电脑的密码。

这里有个ssh免登录方法，具体我也没研究，不过依葫芦画瓢应该可行，有兴趣的可以试一下。

4. Hadoop1.2.1

Hadoop1.2.1下载网址

选择如下版本

hadoop-1.2.1.tar.gz       06-Nov-2014 21:22   61M

下载完之后，我把它解压到了我的Documents即文稿目录下。

5. 设置环境变量

终端输入vim ~/.bash_profile
这里会问你是否编辑，有个安全提示，按E即可编辑。
在这里添加环境变量如下：

 21 # Hadoop
 22 export JAVA_HOME=/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_101.jdk/Contents/Home
 23 export JRE_HOME=$JAVA_HOME/jre
 24 export HADOOP_HOME=/Users/Apple/Documents/hadoop-1.2.1
 25 export CLASSPATH=$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JRE_HOME/lib:$CLASSPATH
 26 export HADOOP_HOME_WARN_SUPPRESS=1
 27 export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JRE_HOME/bin:$HADOOP_HOME/bin:$PATH

其中：

export JAVA_HOME=/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_101.jdk/Contents/Home
export JRE_HOME=$JAVA_HOME/jre

是java的系统环境变量。

export HADOOP_HOME=/Users/Apple/Documents/hadoop-1.2.1

是配置Hadoop的系统环境变量

export HADOOP_HOME_WARN_SUPPRESS=1

是防止出现：Warning: $HADOOP_HOME is deprecated的警告错误。
上述环境变量增加完成后，退回到终端，输入：

source ~/.bash_profile

使得环境变量设置生效！

6、配置hadoop-env.sh

进入刚解压的Documents目录下的Hadoop1.2.1，
然后进入conf文件夹,执行vim hadoop-env.sh，对其进行如下配置

 8 # The java implementation to use.  Required.
  9 export JAVA_HOME=/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_101.jdk/Contents/Home
 10 #export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/j2sdk1.5-sun
 11
 12 # Extra Java CLASSPATH elements.  Optional.
 13 # export HADOOP_CLASSPATH=
 14
 15 # The maximum amount of heap to use, in MB. Default is 1000.
 16 export HADOOP_HEAPSIZE=2000
 17
 18 # Extra Java runtime options.  Empty by default.
 19 export HADOOP_OPTS="-Djava.security.krb5.realm=OX.AC.UK -Djava.security.krb5.kdc=kdc0.ox.ac.uk:kdc1.ox.ac.uk"
 20 # export HADOOP_OPTS=-server

7、接着配置conf文件夹下的core-site.xml

core-site.xml指定了NameNode的主机名与端口

 <?xml version="1.0"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>

<!-- Put site-specific property overrides in this file. -->

<configuration>
    <property>
        <name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>
        <value>hdfs://localhost:9000</value>
        <description>A base for other temporary directories.</description>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>fs.default.name</name>
        <value>hdfs://localhost:8020</value>
    </property>
</configuration>

8、配置hdfs-site.xml

hdfs-site.xml指定了HDFS的默认参数副本数，因为仅运行在一个节点上，所以这里的副本数为1

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>

<!-- Put site-specific property overrides in this file. -->

<configuration>
    <property>
        <name>dfs.replication</name>
        <value>1</value>
    </property>
</configuration>

9.配置mapred-site.xml

mapred-site.xml指定了JobTracker的主机名与端口

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>

<!-- Put site-specific property overrides in this file. -->

<configuration>
    <property>
        <name>mapred.job.tracker</name>
        <value>hdfs://localhost:9001</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>mapred.tasktracker.map.tasks.maximum</name>
        <value>2</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>mapred.tasktracker.reduce.tasks.maximum</name>
        <value>2</value>
    </property>
</configuration>

至此，在终端输入hadoop，就会出现如下

➜  ~ hadoop
Usage: hadoop [--config confdir] COMMAND
where COMMAND is one of:
  namenode -format     format the DFS filesystem
  secondarynamenode    run the DFS secondary namenode
  namenode             run the DFS namenode
  datanode             run a DFS datanode
  dfsadmin             run a DFS admin client
  mradmin              run a Map-Reduce admin client
  fsck                 run a DFS filesystem checking utility
  fs                   run a generic filesystem user client
  balancer             run a cluster balancing utility
  oiv                  apply the offline fsimage viewer to an fsimage
  fetchdt              fetch a delegation token from the NameNode
  jobtracker           run the MapReduce job Tracker node
  pipes                run a Pipes job
  tasktracker          run a MapReduce task Tracker node
  historyserver        run job history servers as a standalone daemon
  job                  manipulate MapReduce jobs
  queue                get information regarding JobQueues
  version              print the version
  jar <jar>            run a jar file
  distcp <srcurl> <desturl> copy file or directories recursively
  distcp2 <srcurl> <desturl> DistCp version 2
  archive -archiveName NAME -p <parent path> <src>* <dest> create a hadoop archive
  classpath            prints the class path needed to get the
                       Hadoop jar and the required libraries
  daemonlog            get/set the log level for each daemon
 or
  CLASSNAME            run the class named CLASSNAME
Most commands print help when invoked w/o parameters.
➜  ~

表示已经可以找到Hadoop的执行程序。

在程序执行前，对Namenode执行格式化操作hadoop namenode -format，出现如下图结果：

➜  ~ hadoop namenode -format
17/04/18 11:16:33 INFO namenode.NameNode: STARTUP_MSG:
/************************************************************
STARTUP_MSG: Starting NameNode
STARTUP_MSG:   host = AppledeMacBook-Air-2.local/172.19.167.21
STARTUP_MSG:   args = [-format]
STARTUP_MSG:   version = 1.2.1
STARTUP_MSG:   build = https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/hadoop/common/branches/branch-1.2 -r 1503152; compiled by 'mattf' on Mon Jul 22 15:23:09 PDT 2013
STARTUP_MSG:   java = 1.8.0_101
************************************************************/
17/04/18 11:16:33 INFO util.GSet: Computing capacity for map BlocksMap
17/04/18 11:16:33 INFO util.GSet: VM type       = 64-bit
17/04/18 11:16:33 INFO util.GSet: 2.0% max memory = 1864368128
17/04/18 11:16:33 INFO util.GSet: capacity      = 2^22 = 4194304 entries
17/04/18 11:16:33 INFO util.GSet: recommended=4194304, actual=4194304
17/04/18 11:16:33 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: fsOwner=Apple
17/04/18 11:16:33 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: supergroup=supergroup
17/04/18 11:16:33 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: isPermissionEnabled=true
17/04/18 11:16:33 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: dfs.block.invalidate.limit=100
17/04/18 11:16:33 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: isAccessTokenEnabled=false accessKeyUpdateInterval=0 min(s), accessTokenLifetime=0 min(s)
17/04/18 11:16:33 INFO namenode.FSEditLog: dfs.namenode.edits.toleration.length = 0
17/04/18 11:16:33 INFO namenode.NameNode: Caching file names occuring more than 10 times
17/04/18 11:16:34 INFO common.Storage: Image file hdfs:/localhost:9000/dfs/name/current/fsimage of size 111 bytes saved in 0 seconds.
17/04/18 11:16:34 INFO namenode.FSEditLog: closing edit log: position=4, editlog=hdfs:/localhost:9000/dfs/name/current/edits
17/04/18 11:16:34 INFO namenode.FSEditLog: close success: truncate to 4, editlog=hdfs:/localhost:9000/dfs/name/current/edits
17/04/18 11:16:34 INFO common.Storage: Storage directory hdfs:/localhost:9000/dfs/name has been successfully formatted.
17/04/18 11:16:34 INFO namenode.NameNode: SHUTDOWN_MSG:
/************************************************************
SHUTDOWN_MSG: Shutting down NameNode at AppledeMacBook-Air-2.local/172.19.167.21
************************************************************/

表示HDFS已经安装成功。

执行start-all.sh启动，期间输入了三次密码= =

➜  ~ start-all.sh
namenode running as process 61005. Stop it first.
Password:
localhost: starting datanode, logging to /Users/Apple/Documents/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../logs/hadoop-Apple-datanode-AppledeMacBook-Air-2.local.out
Password:
localhost: secondarynamenode running as process 61265. Stop it first.
starting jobtracker, logging to /Users/Apple/Documents/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../logs/hadoop-Apple-jobtracker-AppledeMacBook-Air-2.local.out
Password:
localhost: starting tasktracker, logging to /Users/Apple/Documents/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../logs/hadoop-Apple-tasktracker-AppledeMacBook-Air-2.local.out

这样说明启动成功

➜  ~ jps
61265 SecondaryNameNode
94723 Jps
61005 NameNode
➜  ~

浏览器输入网址http://localhost:50070
就能看到Hadoop的界面了：

NameNode 'localhost:8020'

 Started:      Tue Apr 18 10:24:19 CST 2017
 Version:      1.2.1, r1503152
 Compiled:      Mon Jul 22 15:23:09 PDT 2013 by mattf
 Upgrades:      There are no upgrades in progress.

Browse the filesystem
Namenode Logs
Cluster Summary

1 files and directories, 0 blocks = 1 total. Heap Size is 77.5 MB / 1.74 GB (4%) 
  Configured Capacity     :     0 KB
 DFS Used     :     0 KB
 Non DFS Used     :     0 KB
 DFS Remaining     :     0 KB
 DFS Used%     :     100 %
 DFS Remaining%     :     0 %
 Live Nodes      :     0
 Dead Nodes      :     0
 Decommissioning Nodes      :     0
 Number of Under-Replicated Blocks     :     0

There are no datanodes in the cluster
NameNode Storage:

Storage Directory    Type    State
hdfs:/localhost:9000/dfs/name    IMAGE_AND_EDITS    Active

This is Apache Hadoop release 1.2.1

至此，Hadoop的安装配置就全部完成了，如有任何疑问或者文章有任何错误，欢迎交流、批评与指正，本文章纯属原创，如需转载，请注明出处，谢谢！
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Mac环境下Hadoop的安装与配置